Irrigation Engineering | Introduction & Types of Irrigation | Civil Engineering | #CiviLSoL
Science of artificial application of water to the land, in accordance with crop requirements is known as irrigation. Techniques of water distribution in the field 1. Free flooding 2. Border flooding 3. Check flooding 4. Basin flooding 5. Furrow irrigation 6. Sprinkler irrigation 7. Drip irrigation 11.1 QUALITYOFIRRIGATION WATER Sediment When fine sand from water is deposited on sandy soils, the fertility is improved. If the sediment has been derived from eroded areas, it may reduce the fertility. Soluble Salts The critical self-concentration in the irrigation water depends upon many factors. However, amount in excess of 700 ppm is harmful to some plants and more than 2000 ppm is injurious to all crops. Low salinity (C1 ) – 100 to 250 micro mhos/cm at 25°C Medium salinity (C2 ) – 250 to 750 micro mhos/cm at 25°C High salinity (C3 ) – 750 to 2250 micro mhos/cm at 25°C Very high salinity (C4 ) – more than 2250 micro mhos/cm at 25°C Sodium Ions to other Cations (Sodium Absorption Ratio) Lo...